What is the reason for the high melting point of tungsten?
Tungsten, with the element symbol W, is an important metal element. The melting point of tungsten reaches 3422℃, which is the highest melting point among all metals. So, why is the melting point of tungsten so high?
The high melting point of tungsten is because it has high-energy d electrons. In the tungsten atom, 24 of the 35 electrons belong to d electrons, which makes the electron cloud around the tungsten nucleus form a tight chemical bond, making the structure of tungsten very dense and stable. The electron energy level in the electron cloud of tungsten is high, and this high-energy state electron is not easily excited by external energy and leaves the atom, so the melting point of tungsten is extremely high.
In addition, the high atomic number and large atomic radius of tungsten enhance the polarity of the tungsten atomic structure, making the interaction between tungsten atoms stronger. This is also a factor in the high melting point of tungsten.
Other excellent properties of tungsten
1. At high temperatures, tungsten has good antioxidant properties. Because tungsten has an extremely high melting point, it can be used as a carrier of organic reaction catalysts at high temperatures. At the same time, its surface has an oxide layer, which can effectively protect the substrate from oxidation corrosion.
2. Tungsten has a dense structure, high hardness, good wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts and cutting tools.
3. Tungsten has a high specific gravity and is an important heavy element. It is widely used in the production of radiation protection, aircraft, and other high-strength materials.
Conclusion
In short, the high melting point of tungsten is determined by its high-energy d electrons, high atomic number, and large atomic radius. Tungsten also has other excellent properties and is widely used in various industrial scientific and technological fields.